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Overview:
Nd:YVO4 crystal is one of the most efficient laser host crystal currently existing for diode laser pumped solid state lasers. Its large stimulated emission cross-section at lasing wavelength, high absorption coefficient and wide absorption bandwidth at pump wavelength, high laser induced damage threshold as well as good physical, optical and mechanical properties make Nd:YVO4 an excellent crystal for high power, stable and cost effective diode pumped solid-state lasers.
General Specifications Of Nd:YVO4:
| Nd Dopant Level |
0.1-5.0atm% |
| Scattering |
Invisible, probed with a He-Ne laser |
| Orientation Tolerance |
±0.5deg |
| Dimensional Tolerance |
±0.1mm |
| Surface Quality |
10/5 Scratch and Dig |
| Clear Aperture |
>90% |
| Surface Flatness |
<λ/10@633nm |
| Wavefront Distortion |
<λ/8@633nm |
| Parallelism |
<10 arc seconds |
| End-faces Configuration |
Plano/Plano |
| Intrinsic Loss |
< 0.1%cm-1 |
| Coating |
AR1064&HT808: R<0.1%@1064nm, R<5%@808nm
HR1064&HT808&HR532: R>99.8%@1064nm, R<5%@808nm, r="">99%@532nm
AR1064: R<0.1%@1064nm |
Physical Properties of Nd:YVO4:
| Atomic Density |
~1.37x1020 atoms/cm3 |
| Crystal Structure |
Zircon Tetragonal, space group D4h |
| a=b=7.12, c=6.29 |
| Density |
4.22 g/cm3 |
| Mohs Hardness |
Glass-like, ~5 |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient |
a=4.43x10-6/K, c=11.37x10-6/K |
Optical Properties of Nd:YVO4 (typically for 1.1 atm% Nd:YVO4, a-cut crystals)
| Lasing Wavelengths |
914nm, 1064nm, 1342nm |
| Thermal Optical Coefficient |
dna/dT=8.5x10-6/K, dnc/dT=3.0x10-6/K |
| Stimulated Emission Cross-Section |
25.0x10-19cm2@1064nm |
| Fluorescent Lifetime |
90us @808nm, (50us @808 nm for 2atm% Nd doped) |
| Absorption Coefficient |
31.4 cm-1@808nm |
| Absorption Length |
0.32 mm @808nm |
| Intrinsic Loss |
Less than 0.1% cm-1@1064nm |
| Gain Bandwidth |
0.96 nm (257 GHz) @1064nm |
| Polarized Laser Emission |
p polarization, Parallel to optic axis (c-axis) |
| Diode Pumped Optical to Optical Efficiency |
>60% |
| Crystal Class |
Positive uniaxial, no=na=nb, ne=nc,
no=1.9573, ne=2.1652, @1064nm
no=1.9721, ne=2.1858, @808nm
no=2.0210, ne=2.2560, @532nm |
| Sellmeier Equation(for pure YVO4 crystals, λ in um) |
no2=3.77834+0.069736/(λ2-0.04724)-0.0108133λ2 ne2=4.59905+0.110534/(λ2-0.04813)-0.0122676λ2 |
Laser Properties (Nd:YVO4 VS Nd:YAG):
| Laser Crystal |
Nd doped |
σ |
α |
τ |
La |
Pth |
η |
| (atm%) |
(x10-19cm2) |
(cm-1) |
(cm-1) |
(mm) |
(mW) |
( %) |
| Nd:YVO4(a-cut) |
1.1 |
25 |
31.2 |
90 |
0.32 |
78 |
48.6 |
| 2 |
72.4 |
50 |
0.14 |
| Nd:YVO4(c-cut) |
1.1 |
7 |
9.2 |
90 |
|
231 |
45.5 |
| Nd:YAG |
0.85 |
6 |
7.1 |
230 |
1.41 |
115 |
38.6 |
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